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This article applies to Mac OS Classic only.

See also: Multiplatform Programming Guide

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MacOS is the target for Mac OS Classic, i.e. the predecessor to macOS. macOS itself was previously marketed as Mac OS X and OS X. For macOS, see Target Darwin.

2Some tips
5Cross compiling from Mac OS X to Mac OS

Compiling in MPW

Free Pascal can now be used in the MPW development environment.

Free Pascal for MPW call assembler and linker via ToolServer. This means that you need ToolServer installed. This will normally not be an issue, since ToolServer is included in the MPW distribution.

In rare instances, you might get the error message 'Can't call the assembler, switching to external assembler.' I do not know the origin of this, but it will help to restart. On Mac OS X you might need to restart even OSX. It might also indicate that you need to increase the memory setting for ToolServer.

Another workaround for such problems is to let the compiler write out an MPW script (option -s). This will assemble and link when executed in MPW. This method can also be used if the compiler is to be called from a third program, to overcome the deadlock situation mentioned below under Dos.Exec.

For crosscompiling e.g. from macOS to Mac OS Classic, see below.

Some tips

Choosing apptype

For casual users, copying Pascal text only programs from a book, {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} is appropriate.

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If you want an MPW tool, use {$APPTYPE TOOL}.

For maximum portability, the following:

.. ensures it will be an MPW tool on Mac OS, and a console application in Delphi where {$APPTYPE TOOL} is not recognized.

Resources

Since 24-01-2004 mac style resources can be included with {$R <resfile>}. If the resource file ends with .r it is considered a Rez type resource file (in text form). For all other files (including .rsrc), binary resources are assumed. Several resource files can be included.

Error messages

Errors, warnings, hints and other messages written by the compiler are in MPW format - that is you can execute them and the error location will be displayed.

Dos.Exec

The procedure Dos.Exec is used to execute other programs. In MacOS this is supported, and the program(s?) which can be executed is MPW tools. An AppleEvent is sent to ToolServer which in turn executes the tool. A limitation is that ToolServer is not reentrant, so if a program which is called via Dos.Exec, in turn call Dos.Exec, it will be deadlocked.

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Assembler symbols

Internal symbols in the generated assembler files will have a lowercase 's' as part separator instead of '$'. The reason is that PPCAsm does not support $.

QuickDraw globals

There is a variable qd defined in System.pp for use as the QuickDraw global.

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For {$APPTYE TOOL} and {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} it is initialized, but for {$APPTYPE GUI} you have to initialize it yourself.

Debugging

See MPW debugging

Global variables

Currently all global variables are indirect, i.e. the entry in the TOC is always a pointer to data. (In the future small data items may be stored directly in the TOC)

Thus all references to globals are via a construct like: lwz rX, yyy[TC](r2) ;loads a pointer to a global into rX

Cross compiling from Mac OS X to Mac OS

Although not necessary nowadays when there exists a native compiler for target MacOS, here is some info on how to cross compile. See also Link on target.

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Crosscompiling step on macOS

When compiling, add these options:

If make is used, add OPT=-st OS_TARGET=macos

Note that one must first build the RTL by issuing make in rtl/macos, with the above options, to be able to build other programs. The RTL must then be assembled and linked (see below) before compiling any program, otherwise the search paths in the link script will not be correct.

You might also want to add option -a, then the link script will not delete unneeded files, in particular the assembler files (*.s). This can be useful if there are problems with the link scripts and you want to rerun it.

Assembling and linking step on Mac OS Classic

In case that host and target machine is different, transfer the produced files (assembler files (*.s) and link script *_ppas) to the host.

In Mac OS Classic, use MPW to assemble and link the output from FreePascal by executing the link script (which is an MPW script), with its directory as current directory. Unfortunately the link script does not(?) obtain the proper mac file type, so this has to be fixed first e.g. with the MPW command SetFile.

Example: To build Hello World (together with the rtl unit system.pp), execute:

Above circa 2004/5.

Working notes: situation as of late 2012

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